Vimr lab phage10/6/2023 Here, we introduce and review the current status of mathematical modeling and highlight that data on genetic heterogeneity and mutational stochasticity, time delays and population densities could be critical in the development of realistic phage therapy models in the future. Realistic computer or mathematical models of these complex environments are a potential route to improve the predictive power of in vitro studies for the in vivo environment, and to streamline lab work. These three-component interactions are complex, with non-linear or synergistic relationships, anatomical barriers and genetic or phenotypic heterogeneity all leading to disparity between performance and efficacy in in vivo versus in vitro environments. One reason for this is a lack of understanding of the complex interactions between bacteriophage, bacteria and eukaryotic hosts. Phage therapy, the therapeutic usage of viruses to treat bacterial infections, has many theoretical benefits in the ‘post antibiotic era.’ Nevertheless, there are currently no approved mainstream phage therapies. 2School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.1School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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